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KMID : 1134820210500101030
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Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
2021 Volume.50 No. 10 p.1030 ~ p.1039
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Black Ginseng Extract Attenuates TNF-?-Induced Inflammation via Downregulation of NF-κB Signaling in Human Keratinocytes
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Choi Won-Yeoung
Lee Gye-Won
Kwon Deuk-Sang
Shin Hyun-Joong
Cho Young-Ho
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Abstract
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We evaluated the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of black ginseng manufactured by a steaming process in a cell-based inflammatory model. Free radical (DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion) scavenging activity, reducing power, and total polyphenol content in the extracts of ginseng and black ginseng were investigated. The total polyphenol content of the black ginseng extract was 38.83±1.01 mg/g, which was 2.5 times higher than that of the ginseng extract. Also, the black ginseng extract showed higher free radical scavenging activity than the ginseng extract. The anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 ng/mL)-induced inflammatory reactions in RAW 264.7 cells demonstrated that treatment with black ginseng extract decreased nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.001). The quantitative RT-PCR result indicated that the black ginseng extract markedly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-8) mRNA in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-treated human keratinocytes. Furthermore, the reduced mRNA expression was associated with the downregulation of iNOS, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity. These results suggest that black ginseng extract exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by the downregulation of NF-κB and the consequent suppression of inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX-2) in TNF-α-induced human keratinocytes and suppression of NO production in LPS-induced murine macrophages. Taken together, these results indicate that black ginseng extract could be a valuable anti-inflammatory agent in products used to treat skin inflammation.
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KEYWORD
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black ginseng, anti-inflammation, cytokines, nuclear factor-κB, nitric oxide
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